How israeli intelligence.., p.1
How Israeli Intelligence Services really work (Israel Today Book 1), page 1
“MOSSAD”
and the Israeli Intelligence Services
Ofer Anaby
Table of Content
“MOSSAD”
and the Israeli Intelligence Services
“MOSSAD” and the Israeli Intelligence Services
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Chapter 1 - What is Intelligence and How Does It Work?
Chapter 2 - Intelligence Production:
A Process of Three Stages
Chapter 3 – Intelligence Gathering – The 4 Sources
Signal Intelligence
Visual Intelligence.
Human Intelligence
Open Source Intelligence
Chapter 4 - Main Information Gathering Units in Israeli Intelligence
Chapter 5 - Israeli Intelligence in the Gilad Shalit Exchange
Chapter 6 - Intelligence Gathering - Changing Challenges
Chapter 7 – Intelligence Gathering: Technology Solutions
Chapter 8 - How Intelligence is gathered: Event Analysis
Chapter 9 - Spies and Agents as Human Beings
Chapter 10 - Creating the Intelligence Picture
Chapter 11 - Assessment of Intelligence
Chapter 12 - Common Mistakes in Intelligence Assessment
Chapter 13 – Israel’s Intelligence Failure: Yom Kippur War
Episode 14 - The Story of Mossad Agent Ashraf Marwan
Chapter 15 - Lessons from the Failure of Israeli Intelligence Regarding the Yom Kippur War
Chapter 16 – An Up-to-Date Picture of the Threats Israeli Intelligence Faces Today
Islamic Jihad Organizations
Syria
The West Bank
Chapter 17 – The Israeli Intelligence and the Iranian Nuclear Threat
Diplomatic Effort
Secret Activity
What are the goals of Iran developing nuclear weapon capability?
• Will the Iranians succeed in developing a nuclear weapon?
• What kind of regime will take control in Iran in the near future?
What are the consequences of nuclear weapons by Iran on the Middle East?
Iran's Position
Position of Western Countries
Israel's Position:
Chapter 18 - Israeli intelligence’s July 2014 Operation in Gaza
Epilogue
“MOSSAD” and the Israeli Intelligence Services
Hello, dear readers.
First, let me congratulate you on your choice in this book. You are going to get an easy to grasp, complete picture of one of the most intriguing and complex issues in the world: how Israeli intelligence agencies have operated for the last 30 years in their struggle against the forces of Islamic and Middle Eastern countries that threaten the peace of Israel and the safety of the Western world in general.
This book will open a window into how Israeli intelligence agencies operate. How they work, what the difficulties are to obtain intelligence information - including the challenges of interpreting information and drawing conclusions - and why sometimes these intelligence agencies are wrong.
This book hones in on the human and technological tools of Israeli intelligence regarding threats in the Middle East and Iran. You will be enlightened by analysis of the developments in the intelligence agencies as they cope with security challenges in the changing face of Israeli’s defense establishment.
A special chapter is devoted to the lessons of the seminal events of Israeli intelligence communities, and especially the failure of Israeli intelligence in the Yom Kippur War in 1973. You will also find a discussion concerning the limits of the “shadow world” permanently behind the scenes in Israel.
As someone who has studied and known this subject for decades, I know what it takes to teach it to others, start to finish. Therefore, I put together a book for you that teaches the subject step by step in short chapters, each of which is devoted to a different topic. I am convinced that at the end of this fascinating book, you will have a clear and coherent understanding of Israeli intelligence and how it copes daily with threats from Arab countries, from organizations acting on behalf of the Iranian state, and on behalf of Al Qaeda. These groups threaten not only the existence of Israel, but also threaten the interests of the United States and the Western world.
Also, another point: This book was intentionally written to require only a relatively short time to grasp the whole situation. I made it a point not to exceed 50 pages out of a desire to assist paint a complete picture but require only a small time commitment.
The book is based on my expertise. In recent years, I have been an independent researcher of events and crises in the life of Israel and Israeli society, from the establishment of the state until today. Previously, for 10 years, I served in the Israeli intelligence community.
In addition, I obtained three academic degrees: BA Political Science, MA Organizational Sociology, and Master of Business Administration.
The book was inspired by a series of my lectures: Life of the State of Israel and Israeli Society Today. I have delivered hundreds of lectures in recent years to a variety of audiences in Israel and received great acclaim; this made it clear to me that I can explain complex issues in a simple and interesting way, to the benefit of listeners.
This book is the first of a series of digital books I will publish. The purpose of the book is to give real insight into the hottest topics regarding Israel. It is crucial to understand these issues in depth and appreciate the complex problems faced by the State of Israel and its leadership historically and currently.
I wish you happy, fascinating reading!
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Disclaimer
None of the information presented in the book is based on confidential sources.
All data and facts were previously published in Israeli or foreign communication.
The analysis of events and facts are the responsibility of the author alone.
Copyright
Copyright ©2014 by Ofer Anaby
All rights reserved.
This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher, except for the use of brief quotations in a book review.
Chapter 1 - What is Intelligence and How Does It Work?
I begin with a short story:
It is a story about two hunters who had a magic flute. When it is played, the lions are compelled to dance and they are completely vulnerable.
One day the two hunters went hunting. The first lion, they managed to capture and kill by playing the flute.
Another lion was also engrossed by the sound and was captured.
The third lion devoured the two hunters.
A monkey settled in the treetops observed these events, and the monkey said, “I wondered when they would encounter the deaf lion.”
The moral: discovering reality is often a matter of life and death.
Don't underestimate it. Intelligence is often a very complicated matter. This is a hard puzzle, and it’s much more challenging than piecing together a puzzle of a picture that we can buy at the store and assemble.
That purchased puzzle has two basic differences from the intelligence puzzle:
Number one: We know every piece in that box has a rightful place in that puzzle, and we have all the parts we need to complete the image.
Number two: Every piece in the box belongs just to that one picture.
So, what does an intelligence personnel’s puzzle look like? Many times he will open the "puzzle box" and discover many missing parts. How do you put together a puzzle with missing pieces and no guide? It’s much more difficult!
Moreover, the various pieces of the puzzle belong in more than one slice of reality. Sometimes it should be considered in two or three or four situations, describing different aspects of enemy activity.
And what about those parts that do not connect to any part of the picture? Those, by the way, are called “noise” in intelligence. And they are a real distraction.
Chapter 2 - Intelligence Production:
A Process of Three Stages
If we imagine that intelligence is put together in a factory, it makes sense to look at the factory’s three main departments.
The “information-gathering department” is the first one in the assembly line of Intelligence Production. This department recruits most of the plant’s employees. It has shifts around the clock because their collection of information never stops.
Here, you will find the agents and operators of the agents, the spies planted in enemy countries. Here you can also find the people with headphones who have listened to their targets and these who have followed their targets by various visual tools.
The pieces of information collected by this department are the raw materials that are transferred to the second department of the intelligence factory – the "assemble picture of reality" department.
This department responsible for piecing the puzzle together - we are going to stick with the puzzle analogy – is trying to describe it i
Here are some "pictures of reality” they try to assemble:
- How stable is the Assad regime in Syria against the backdrop of the Civil War?
- Has Iran started to develop a nuclear bomb yet?
- Is Iran meeting the terms of its agreement with world powers?
- Did Hamas in the Gaza Strip restart construction of the terror tunnels after the IDF destroyed them in July 2014?
- Is Hezbollah in Lebanon equipped with new long-range missiles and rockets?
- Is Al Qaeda putting new operatives to the United States and establishing a new cell in Boston?
- Did Russian counter-intelligence spies succeed in stealing blueprints of U.S.A.’s state of the art jet F-35?
The list goes on and on.
The third department of this factory is the "Assessment Department." The puzzles that were put together in the second department are now here.
Intelligence Assessment Department officials are responsible for predicting the future based on these pictures.
- What does the future hold? Will this happen tomorrow or next year?
- Has Iran gone nuclear after learning how to assemble a nuclear bomb? Is it to the point where she has started producing it?
- What will happen to Assad’s regime in Syria? Will it survive and overcome… or will it drop?
- With Turkey’s president, Erdogan, will it become more Islamic-oriented, and how this will affect its foreign policy toward Western powers?
- Will the economic crisis in some European countries lead to diminish the Eurozone?
- Can ISIS take control in Iraq?
And again, the list goes on and on.
Can one plant deal with so many topics and regions simultaneously? Surely not.
For this reason, Intelligence Production is based on several plants – one per area or per field of interest. In each plant there are people who often specialize in one country: learn its characters, culture, economy, lifestyle, religion, habits, optical structure, army and intentions. .
And every plant has these three main departments: collecting and gathering information, analyzing and putting together intelligence puzzles, and analyzing the future.
Chapter 3 – Intelligence Gathering – The 4 Sources
This is the place to dive deeper into the review of intelligence-gathering units to see exactly where they get their information. All the world's intelligence agencies use four different sources (platforms) for collecting information. We will review them here.
Signal Intelligence - A significant part of gathering information about the condition and activity of the target is done by intercepting messages.
- phone calls made or received by home, cell or office lines
- text messaging
- faxes
- computer correspondence, including email, chat and social media
- radar signatures from activities of arms (ships, aircraft, missiles, air defense units) which are evidence of weapons
- sometimes these transmissions are encrypted by the sources and more difficult to obtain
Visual Intelligence – This includes photography and observation of the target’s activity.
- observation of the area itself, performed by collecting combat units and observers from the ground or the air
- aerial photograph interpretation
- photos and videos taken by cameras and from dedicated tools: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, balloons and satellites
Human Intelligence – let's distinguish between Agents and "Planted fighters"
Agents are people in the target organization who transmit information to their operators in the intelligence organization. Agents are collaborators who provide intelligence in exchange for money or other incentives. Agents are selected according to their reliability and also their proximity to sources of information (military, government, economics, business, and religion mechanisms).
"Planted fighters" are members of intelligence organizations who are implanted and given a false identity. The common name given to them is a “spy,” although that is not a term used officially by intelligence agencies.
Open Source Intelligence – The press is a valuable resource.
- news broadcasts on radio and television
- newspapers and digital newspapers
- messages on the websites of government agencies and the military
Chapter 4 - Main Information Gathering Units in Israeli Intelligence
The Israeli intelligence community includes several organizations that collect information and assess it:
- the Military Intelligence branch of Israel Defense Force
- Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations, known as the Mossad
- the Combat Intelligence Corps of Israel Defense Force
- the intelligence branch of the Israel Police
- the Research Center at the Foreign Ministry
- Israel Security Agency, known as Shabak
Now to a deeper look into some of the intelligence platforms.
Signal Intelligence
Tasked with collecting signals
Username: 8200
This unit intercepts transmissions, and it is the largest unit in the IDF.
There was recently an article published in the US: “The Best Tech School on Earth Is Israeli Army Unit 8200.”
Indeed, Unit 8200 is a center of technological innovation and a concentration of top minds. Unit 8200 has a crucial role in gathering intelligence information on targets in all arenas, near and far.
Visual Intelligence
Tasked with collecting images
Username: Unit 9900
This unit gathers information from a variety of visual measures, such as OFEK spy satellites (manufactured by Israel Aviation Industries), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, aerial photograph interpretation, and more.
9900 is also synonymous with developing state of the art technology with regards to collecting visual intelligence.
Human Intelligence
Mossad is an Israeli secret intelligence agency focusing on human intelligence. (It’s similar to the US’ CIA or England’s MI6.) Its main function is intelligence gathering, and Mossad agents have a variety of targets outside Israel's borders.
Although many of their actions are top-secret, we have learned - based on publications in Israel and foreign sources - that Mossad was responsible for many intelligence operations.
Here are a handful of examples of what Mossad has achieved:
- capturing Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann in Argentina (1960)
- the defection of Iraqi pilot Munir Redfa with the first MiG-21 plane obtained by military officials in the West (1966)
- spying on and eliminating some heads of terror organizations
- data collection and disruption of Iran's nuclear program
The Israeli Security Agency, (Hebrew acronym: Shabak) is responsible for preventing domestic terror. It covers Israel's borders and regions of Judea and Samaria (an area controlled by the Palestinian Authority), plus the Gaza Strip (which is currently controlled by Hamas).
